Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating compound found in the cannabis and hemp plants [2]. It is one of at least 113 known cannabinoids derived from the hemp plant [1] and is one of over 150 naturally occurring compounds, also known as “cannabinoids,” found in the Cannabis sativa plant [4]. CBD has gained significant popularity for its potential therapeutic benefits without the psychoactive effects associated with THC, another well-known cannabinoid. In this introduction, we will address some of the most commonly asked questions about CBD.
- Does CBD get you high? No, CBD does not have intoxicating effects like THC. CBD is a non-intoxicating compound, so it does not cause the “high” commonly associated with marijuana use.Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring compound found in the cannabis and hemp plants, and it has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential therapeutic benefits. One of the most frequently asked questions about CBD is whether it gets you high or not. In this article, we will dive into this topic and discuss the psychoactive effects of CBD, addressing misconceptions and highlighting its non-intoxicating nature.CBD vs. THC: Understanding the DifferenceTo understand whether CBD gets you high, it is crucial to differentiate it from another well-known compound found in the cannabis plant: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [2]. THC is the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana that is responsible for the “high” sensation people experience when consuming it. In contrast, CBD is a non-intoxicating compound that does not produce a high [1][2].CBD’s Interaction with the Endocannabinoid System
The reason CBD does not get you high is due to its interaction with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS). Unlike THC, CBD does not bind directly to the cannabinoid receptors in the brain [5]. Instead, it signals the ECS to maintain more of its endogenous cannabinoids, which help the body maintain homeostasis or a state of balance between vital bodily functions [5].
CBD’s Psychoactive Effects: A Misconception
While CBD does not get you high like THC, it is essential to note that it can have psychoactive effects. These effects, however, are different from those caused by THC. CBD can lower anxiety and increase sleepiness, but it will not give you an inebriating “high” [4]. Some experts argue that the idea of CBD being completely non-psychoactive is somewhat misleading, as it does interact with the brain and nervous system [3].
A Rare “High” Sensation in Certain Individuals
In some cases, CBD may cause a feeling of a “body high” without impacting headspace [6]. This phenomenon has been reported by a few CBD users, particularly those who do not take CBD often or use very high doses (over 90 mg) [6]. However, this effect is rare and not the typical experience for most users.
The Importance of Quality CBD Products
Another factor that may affect the experience of consuming CBD is the quality of the product. Some CBD products may contain trace amounts of THC, which could potentially cause a mild “high” sensation. It is essential to choose high-quality CBD products that have been tested and verified to contain no more than the legal limit of THC (0.3%) to ensure that you do not experience any intoxicating effects.
Safety and Drug Interactions
Although CBD is generally considered safe, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating it into your routine
- Is CBD legal? CBD derived from hemp plants containing no more than 0.3% THC is legal in many countries and states, but regulations vary. It is essential to check the specific laws in your area to determine the legality of CBD products [5].
- Can CBD cause you to fail a drug test? Most drug tests screen for THC, not CBD. However, broad-spectrum CBD products may contain trace amounts of THC up to the legal limit of 0.3%. While it is unlikely to cause a failed drug test, it is essential to consult with a physician if you have any concerns [5].
- How does CBD work? CBD, or cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant that has been widely studied for its potential therapeutic benefits [6]. It works primarily by interacting with the human body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) [1].The ECS is a complex cell-signaling system that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, or a state of balance between vital bodily functions. It is composed of endocannabinoids, receptors (CB1 and CB2), and enzymes that are responsible for breaking down endocannabinoids after they have fulfilled their purpose [8].CBD interacts with the ECS by modulating its activity [8]. Unlike THC, the psychoactive compound found in marijuana, CBD does not bind directly to CB1 receptors in the brain and central nervous system. Instead, it signals the ECS to produce more of its endogenous cannabinoids, which help maintain homeostasis [1][8].Additionally, CBD functions as an allosteric receptor modulator. This means it can either enhance or inhibit how a receptor transmits a signal by changing the receptor’s shape [7]. For example, CBD acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, which plays a role in anxiety regulation [7][9].CBD also interacts with other receptors in the body, such as serotonin receptors, which are involved in regulating mood, anxiety, and pain perception [9]. By modulating the activity of these receptors, CBD can provide potential benefits for various conditions, including anxiety, pain relief, and sleep disorders [3][5].
In summary, CBD works primarily by interacting with the endocannabinoid system and modulating the activity of various receptors in the body. Its therapeutic effects stem from its ability to maintain homeostasis and influence the functioning of neurotransmitters and receptors associated with mood, anxiety, and pain [1][8].
- What are the potential benefits of CBD? CBD, or cannabidiol, is a non-psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant that has been associated with various potential health benefits. Some of the potential benefits of CBD include:
- Pain relief: CBD (cannabidiol) is known for its potential pain-relieving benefits. Evidence from animal studies suggests that CBD exerts its pain-relieving effects through its interactions and modulation of the endocannabinoid, inflammatory, and nociceptive (pain sensing) systems [2]. Some of the potential pain relief benefits of CBD include:
- Neuropathic pain: Neuropathic pain is caused by damage to the nerves, and CBD may help alleviate this type of pain [4].
- Arthritis: The anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects of CBD gel could potentially help people with arthritis, although more human studies are needed [5].
- Cancer treatment relief: CBD may help reduce some cancer-related symptoms and side effects related to cancer treatment, such as nausea, vomiting, and pain [1].
- Central nerve-related pain in multiple sclerosis: Health Canada has approved a combination medication containing both THC and CBD in a 1:1 ratio for the relief of central nerve-related pain in multiple sclerosis and cancer pain unresponsive to optimized treatment [10].
Seniors are increasingly using CBD in their daily lifestyle for various reasons. Some of the common ways seniors incorporate CBD into their routine include:
- Pain relief: Seniors may use CBD oil to alleviate pain from conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia at varying doses [6].
- Anxiety and depression: CBD’s calming effects may help seniors manage anxiety and depression [9].
- Sleep: CBD may aid in improving sleep quality for seniors, who often suffer from sleep disorders [9].
It is essential to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating CBD into a daily routine, especially for seniors, as CBD may interact with certain medications [3]. Although CBD has shown potential benefits, more research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety fully [7].
- Mental health: CBD (cannabidiol) is a compound extracted from hemp and cannabis plants and has been researched for its potential benefits in addressing various mental health issues. Some of the mental health conditions where CBD might be helpful include:
- Depression: CBD has been suggested to have potential benefits in alleviating depression. It is believed to have a positive impact on serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in mood regulation [5, 7].
- Anxiety: Studies have indicated that CBD may help reduce anxiety. In one study, participants who took 600 mg of CBD experienced significantly less social anxiety than those who took a placebo [4, 7].
- Epilepsy: CBD has shown promise in decreasing the frequency and severity of seizures in people with epilepsy, suggesting potential benefits for neurologic disorders [1].
- Schizophrenia: CBD has been studied for its potential to reduce the severity of hallucinations and delusions in patients with schizophrenia when used alongside traditional antipsychotic medications [3].
Although research on CBD’s benefits for mental health is still limited, the available evidence suggests potential therapeutic applications [2]. CBD has been studied for its efficacy and safety as a treatment for psychiatric disorders, both alone and in combination with other treatments [6]. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent of CBD’s mental health benefits and to establish appropriate dosages and treatment protocols. It is crucial to consult a healthcare professional before using CBD for mental health concerns.
- Cancer symptom relief: CBD (cannabidiol) may help people with cancer manage some symptoms of the disease and side effects of treatment [2]. Some of the potential benefits of CBD for cancer-related symptom relief include:
- Stimulating appetite: Many cancer patients undergoing treatment experience nausea and loss of appetite, which can make it difficult to maintain a healthy weight. CBD may help stimulate appetite and counteract these issues [3].
- Alleviating pain: There is limited but growing evidence that CBD, THC, or a combination of the two may be effective in alleviating cancer-related pain [5].
- Reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: Some studies have suggested that cannabinoids like THC and CBD may help with nausea and vomiting experienced by patients undergoing chemotherapy [1, 5].
- Managing anxiety, depression, and insomnia: CBD has been studied for its potential to relieve anxiety, depression, and sleep issues, which are common side effects of cancer and cancer treatments [8].
It is important to note that research on CBD for cancer symptom relief is still limited and not standardized. More studies are needed to fully understand the potential benefits and appropriate dosages for cancer patients. Patients should consult their healthcare team before using CBD or other cannabis products for symptom management [4].
- Neuroprotection: CBD has been studied for its potential neuroprotective properties and may benefit people with neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy [3][5].
- Heart health: Regular CBD usage may have several benefits for heart health, including:
- Reducing anxiety and stress: CBD’s ability to calm the nervous system may help offset anxiety and stress, which can have a positive impact on heart health [1].
- Lowering blood pressure: A study showed that a 600mg dose of CBD oil reduced the resting blood pressure of nine healthy men, suggesting that CBD may help regulate blood pressure and decrease the risk of heart attacks and stroke [5].
- Improving artery function: CBD may help improve arterial function by reducing blood pressure and improving artery walls’ relaxation [2, 3].
- Preventing plaque buildup: CBD has been shown to maintain good arterial health by preventing plaque buildup, which can lead to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases [8].
- Offering vaso-relaxant effects: CBD’s vaso-relaxant effects can help improve blood flow and reduce the strain on the heart [8].
- Protecting against the side effects of diabetes: CBD may offer protection against the side effects of diabetes, which can impact heart health [8].
- Reducing inflammation: CBD’s anti-inflammatory properties may help reduce inflammation in the cardiovascular system, promoting overall heart health [2].
- Positive effects on heart arrhythmias: Some studies have shown that CBD may have positive effects on heart arrhythmias, although more research is needed to confirm these findings in humans [7].
It is essential to note that more research is needed to fully understand the benefits of CBD on heart health, and the current evidence is limited. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using CBD for heart-related concerns.
- Sleep disorders: CBD (cannabidiol) may help with sleep disorders by targeting various underlying causes and factors that contribute to sleep issues. Some ways that CBD may improve sleep include:
- Reducing anxiety: Early research indicates that CBD can be used to treat anxiety-related disorders, with nearly 80% of participants in one study reporting lower anxiety levels within a month of using CBD [1]. By calming the nervous system and regulating stress, CBD may help alleviate insomnia and other sleep disturbances caused by anxiety [2].
- Regulating stress: CBD works with the hypothalamus to regulate stress, which can be a major factor contributing to insomnia and other sleep disorders [2]. In a study, researchers found that CBD influenced cortisol levels, the stress hormone, which could potentially help improve sleep quality [4].
- Treating underlying causes: CBD may help treat causes of sleepiness, excessive daytime sleepiness, and grogginess, which can contribute to sleep disorders [3].
- Impacting REM sleep: Ingesting marijuana strains with higher levels of THC has been shown to reduce the amount of REM sleep. Reduced REM sleep can lead to fewer dreams, which may be beneficial for people experiencing nightmares or sleep disruptions due to vivid dreaming [7].
- Treating sleep apnea: A few small studies have seen positive results when using cannabinoids to treat sleep apnea. Cannabinoids appear to prevent pauses in breathing during sleep in animal studies [5].
It is important to note that research on CBD and sleep is still limited and mixed, with more studies needed to determine its full potential in treating sleep disorders [6].
- Autoimmune diseases: CBD is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties that may help with autoimmune diseases like lupus and arthritis [7].
- Skin health: Regular CBD usage may have several benefits for heart health, including:
- Reducing anxiety and stress: CBD’s ability to calm the nervous system may help offset anxiety and stress, which can have a positive impact on heart health [1].
- Lowering blood pressure: A study showed that a 600mg dose of CBD oil reduced the resting blood pressure of nine healthy men, suggesting that CBD may help regulate blood pressure and decrease the risk of heart attacks and stroke [5].
- Improving artery function: CBD may help improve arterial function by reducing blood pressure and improving artery walls’ relaxation [2, 3].
- Preventing plaque buildup: CBD has been shown to maintain good arterial health by preventing plaque buildup, which can lead to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases [8].
- Offering vaso-relaxant effects: CBD’s vaso-relaxant effects can help improve blood flow and reduce the strain on the heart [8].
- Protecting against the side effects of diabetes: CBD may offer protection against the side effects of diabetes, which can impact heart health [8].
- Reducing inflammation: CBD’s anti-inflammatory properties may help reduce inflammation in the cardiovascular system, promoting overall heart health [2].
- Positive effects on heart arrhythmias: Some studies have shown that CBD may have positive effects on heart arrhythmias, although more research is needed to confirm these findings in humans [7].
It is essential to note that more research is needed to fully understand the benefits of CBD on heart health, and the current evidence is limited. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using CBD for heart-related concerns.
- Addiction: CBD (cannabidiol) may help with addiction by interacting with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) and affecting neurotransmitters related to addiction and withdrawal symptoms [2]. It has been suggested that CBD may lower dopamine surges, making the effects of addictive substances less severe and easing the process of breaking free from the addictive grasp of these substances [1]. However, it is important to combine CBD with a detox or rehabilitation program for it to be successful in treating addiction [1].Limited preclinical studies suggest that CBD may have therapeutic properties on opioid, cocaine, and psychostimulant addiction [3]. Preliminary data also indicate that CBD may be beneficial in cannabis and tobacco addiction in humans [3]. Research on CBD’s potential to treat opioid addiction is growing, with some studies showing that CBD may help reduce cravings and prevent relapse in cases of heroin addiction [5][7].Additionally, research suggests that CBD could help decrease alcohol consumption and reduce alcohol-related liver damage from alcohol use disorder (AUD) [8][9]. CBD may help people with AUD reduce their alcohol intake [9].While there is some evidence to support CBD’s potential role in addiction treatment, further research is needed to establish its full efficacy and the specific types of addiction it works best on.
- Brain health: CBD may be beneficial to brain health in several ways:
- Reducing anxiety and depression: CBD is known for its calming effects, which may help offset anxiety and depression [3].
- Neuroprotective properties: CBD has been shown to protect neurons from degeneration, helping the brain remain healthier [4, 5].
- Alzheimer’s Disease: In a study on Alzheimer’s Disease, CBD was shown to inhibit the development of Alzheimer’s symptoms [4].
- Enhancing mood and brain cell function: CBD oil can improve mood and brain cell health by boosting blood flow to the brain and providing it with essential fatty acids [7].
- Increasing anandamide levels: CBD inhibits the degradation of anandamide, which leads to increased circulating levels of this molecule. Anandamide is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation, memory, and other cognitive processes [8].
- Treating neurological disorders: CBD has shown potential benefits for neurologic disorders, including decreasing the frequency and severity of seizures in conditions such as Dravet syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), which may not respond well to anti-seizure medications [10].
It is essential to note that while there is some evidence supporting the benefits of CBD for brain health, research is still limited, and more studies are needed to fully understand the effects of CBD [2]. Always consult with a healthcare professional before using CBD for brain-related concerns.
It is important to note that while there is evidence supporting some of these benefits, further research and clinical trials are needed to establish the full extent of CBD’s therapeutic potential [3][8].
- Pain relief: CBD (cannabidiol) is known for its potential pain-relieving benefits. Evidence from animal studies suggests that CBD exerts its pain-relieving effects through its interactions and modulation of the endocannabinoid, inflammatory, and nociceptive (pain sensing) systems [2]. Some of the potential pain relief benefits of CBD include: